Insights on Research Techniques towards Cost Estimation in Software Design

Software cost estimation is of the most challenging task in project management in order to ensuring smoother development operation and target achievement. There has been evolution of various standards tools and techniques for cost estimation practiced in the industry at present times. However, it was never investigated about the overall picturization of effectiveness of such techniques till date. This paper initiates its contribution by presenting taxonomies of conventional cost-estimation techniques and then investigates the research trends towards frequently addressed problems in it. The paper also reviews the existing techniques in well-structured manner in order to highlight the problems addressed, techniques used, advantages associated and limitation explored from literatures. Finally, we also brief the explored open research issues as an added contribution to this manuscript

BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF COFFEE AND MAINTENANCE OF URIC ACID LEVELS

Objective: This study aimed in finding out if drinking coffee over a long term showed a marked influence on the serum uric acid level and Fasting blood glucose level.Methods: The study population had 200 healthy subjects out of whom 143 were coffee drinkers and 90 diabetic subjects out of which 48 were coffee drinkers.Results: It was seen that the mean value of uric acid in coffee consumers was significantly lower in both normal and diabetic study population. Further, the relation of Fasting blood glucose (FBG) with uric acid in diabetic coffee consuming study population was much linear than in the normal study population.Conclusion: Since hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia are associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disorder in type 2 diabetes, coffee is considered to be useful in such subjects. The amounts of chlorogenic acid and caffeine in coffee are now considered beneficial on long term usage since it improves insulin sensitivity and lowers the uric acid and sugar level.Keywords: Coffee, Fasting Blood Glucose, Type 2 diabetes, Uric acid